This course focuses on mechanized grain yield increase and loss reduction. It addresses the dual goals of boosting grain yields and reducing production losses, with agricultural mechanization as the central approach. The course is structured into three interconnected sections, that systematically examine mechanization’s role and practical applications in grain production and loss reduction. It first establishes mechanization as the primary pathway, elaborating on how it ensures timely sowing and harvesting, and serves as an essential means of agricultural disaster response by enabling rapid, effective field responses. Next, it details stage-specific mechanized technologies and practices for yield increase and loss reduction, covering the planting (precision seeding, smart sowing), field management (efficient plant protection/irrigation), harvesting (standardized operation, special condition handling), and drying stages, highlighting mechanization’s ability to drastically lower loss rates compared to manual operations. Finally, it explores strategies to further promote mechanized technology applications, such as integrating machinery with agronomy, upgrading agricultural machinery quality, training skilled operators, simplifying grain loss measurement, improving machinery operating conditions, and strengthening agricultural machinery service systems. Suitable for agricultural practitioners, technicians and extension workers, this course provides practical, scalable mechanized solutions to stabilize grain production, enhance productivity, and support food security.