The course introduces China’s evolving social protection and disaster assistance system through the case of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It reviews the institutional evolution from early welfare policies to the 2018 reform that established the Ministry of Emergency Management, integrating disaster prevention, response, and relief into one framework. Ningxia, frequently affected by drought, has developed a tiered emergency system, material reserves, and rescue teams, complemented by social assistance for vulnerable groups and participation from social organizations. The course highlights three key models—integrated assistance, resilient response, and collaborative governance—demonstrating how coordinated efforts link short-term relief with long-term recovery. It concludes that integrating disaster management with social protection helps prevent disaster-induced poverty and enhances resilience, providing valuable lessons for developing countries.